Online Judgment in the Context of International and National Rules: Ethical and Legal ‎Challenges

Background: Online judgment is an economical and faster way than the judicial one. With the ‎development of technology in recent decades, it has also been possible to make judgments ‎online. Although few countries have incorporated this approach into their laws, online ‎judgments are being developed and implemented in various areas such as international trade or ‎intellectual property. The present study tries to discuss the legal and ethical challenges of ‎online judgment. Conclusion: Judging online in terms of general rules is no different from the concept of ‎arbitration in its entirety, and the only difference is the use of the Internet, especially in the ‎process of voting. All documents, including judgments, will be sent to arbitrators and parties as ‎a matter of fact. Holding a hearing in online judgment largely depends on the technological ‎capabilities of the countries, and therefore contrary to domestic law, the decision to hold a ‎hearing is generally with the parties rather than the arbitrator. The arbitral award shall be in ‎duplicate available to the national courts. Therefore, for the validity of arbitration opinions one ‎should refer to the domestic law of the countries and measure the validity of the electronic ‎signature in the domestic law of the countries. But in the context of international institutions, ‎online judgments are generally valid and enforceable. Online judgment should also be based on ‎ethics in order to do justice.‎